Table 1.

Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters used in this study.

Parameter	Formula	Description
Fv/Fm	(Fm − F0)/Fm	Maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry measured in the dark-adapted state
Fv′/Fm′	(Fm′ − F0’)/Fm′	Exciton transfer efficiency from antenna pigments to the reaction center of photosystem II (PSII) in the light-adapted state
Y(PSII)	(Fm′ − Fs)/Fm′	Effective quantum yield of photochemical energy conversion in PSII
NPQ	(Fm − Fm′)/Fm′	Non-photochemical quenching of maximum fluorescence
qP	(Fm′ − Fs)/(Fm′ − F′0)	Photochemical quenching of PSII
qN	(Fm − F’m)/(Fm − F′0)	Coefficient of non-photochemical quenching of variable fluorescence
Y(NO)	1/[NPQ + 1 + qL(Fm/F0–1)]	Quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation in PSII
Rfd	(Fm − Fs)/Fs	Ratio of fluorescence decline