a Kaplan–Meier survival curves for the progression-free survival (PFS; a) of the MM patients according to CD138+ expression of miR-181a. p-values calculated by log-rank test. b, c Forest plots of the univariate (b) and multivariate (c) Cox regression analysis for the MM patients’ PFS. Multivariate analysis adjusted for miR-181a, R-ISS stage, high-risk cytogenetics, B2M, LDH and creatinine levels, gender, age and response to 1st-line therapy. Internal validation was performed by bootstrap Cox proportional regression analysis based on 1000 bootstrap samples. HR Hazard Ratio, 95% CI 95% confidence interval of the estimated HR, BCa 95% CI bootstrap bias-corrected and accelerated 95% CI of the estimated HR based on 1000 bootstrap samples.