Fig. 1.

Overview of major epitranscriptomic modifications in the brain. The most abundant and well-studied epitranscriptomic modifications in the brain include N1-methyladenosine (m¹A), pseudouridine (ψ), inosine (I), N6-methyladenosine (m⁶A), and 5-methylcytosine (m⁵C). The m¹A, m⁶A, and m⁵C involve the addition of methyl group, whereas I and ψ are base exchange modifications. These modifications are controlled by a set of writers (marker), erasers (scissors), and readers (magnifier) to dictate the fate of modified mRNAs. They regulate various steps of mRNA processing such as splicing, export, localization, stability, translation, degradation, and protein recoding