Table 2.
The effect of genetic mutations on cancers
| Disease | Part | Effect | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cancer | Entire loss | Abnormal cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and adhesion | [6,36] |
| P-loop | identifying changes in the loop and reduce protein activity | [110] | |
| Ti ring | functional loss and occurrence of cancer | [36] | |
| Lung cancer | Entire loss | poor prognosis and resistance to EGFR and TKIs | [116] |
| Ovarian cancer | Entire loss | inducing tubal cancer and subsequently to involve the ovaries; producing serous borderline tumors of FTE and endometriosis carcinoma | [125] |
| Liver Cancer | Entire loss | high malignant potential/poor prognosis | [134] |
| poor cell differentiation | [133] | ||
| Breast Cancer | Entire loss | overgrowth, proliferation, survival, and metabolism of tumor cells | [3,141-147] |
| Gastric Cancer | Entire loss | tumor resistance | [150-152] |
| Prostate Cancer | Entire loss | changes in a variety of genes and pathways that affect the progression of cancer | [167,168] |
| Esophageal Cancer | Gene mutation | Stability decline, leading to the development of endometrial cancer | [113] |
Abbreviations: EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; TKIs: tyrosine kinase inhibitors; FTE: fallopian tube epithelium; PI3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.