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. 2021 Dec 22;11:739707. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.739707

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Animal model of Graves’ disease (GD)/Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) and gut microbiota. (A) BALB/c female mice were immunized with human TSHR-A plasmid DNA. The mice in Essen but not in London developed GD/GO phenotypes (pink). These mice have different gut microbiome profiles. Note, Essen mice have more Lactobacillaceae, which is also increased in GD patients and a component in Lab4. (B) BALB/c and C57BL/6 female mice were immunized with human TSHR-A plasmid DNA. Only BALB/c but not C57BL/6 female mice developed GD/GO phenotypes (pink). These mice have different gut microbiome profiles. (C) Modify the gut microbiota of TSHR immunized mice (pink) by antibiotic vancomycin, probiotic Lab4, and fecal material transfer (FMT) from GD/GO patients, resulting in changed GD/GO-like clinical features (light purple or red). Derived from Berchner-Pfannschmidt et al. (2016); Masetti et al. (2018); Moshkelgosha et al. (2018); Su et al. (2020), and Moshkelgosha et al. (2021).