Table 1.

Major references connecting the gut microbiome with GD/GO.

Year	Study Type	Subjects	Major Findings	References
2018	Experimental	BALB/c female, two locations	Disease-associated taxonomies explain the GD/GO variations observed	Masetti et al. (2018)
2018	Experimental	BALB/c and C57BL/6J females	Big differences of BALB/c and C57BL/6J gut microbiota composition	Moshkelgosha et al. (2018)
2020	Experimental	BALB/c female, FMT	FMT from GD donor increased the severity of GD	Su et al. (2020)
2021	Experimental	BALB/c female, microbiota modification	Vancomycin reduced, but FMT from GO donor increased the severity of GD/GO	Moshkelgosha et al. (2021)
2018	Clinical-GD	27 GD/12 HC	Diversity reduced, F/B ratio increased	Ishaq et al. (2018)
2019	Clinical-GD	15 GD/15 HC	Diversity reduced, F/B ratio increased	Yang M. et al. (2019)
2020	Clinical-GD	9 GD/11 HC	Diversity reduced	Cornejo-Pareja et al. (2020)
2020	Clinical-GD	58 GD/63 HC	Diversity reduced	Su et al. (2020)
2020	Clinical-GD	39 GD/17 HC	Diversity reduced	Yan et al. (2020)
2021	Clinical-GD	15 GD/14 HC	Diversity reduced	Chen et al. (2021)
2021	Clinical-GD	55 GD/48 HC	Diversity unchanged, F/B ratio decreased	Chang et al. (2021)
2021	Clinical-GD	45 GD/59 HC	Diversity reduced, F/B ratio decreased	Jiang et al. (2021)
2019	Clinical-GO	33 GO/32 HC	Diversity reduced, F/B ratio decreased	Shi et al. (2019b)
2019	Clinical-GO	31 GO	Links between the gut microbiota and GO-related traits are identified	Shi et al. (2019a)
2021	Clinical-GD/GO	30 GD/33 GO/32 HC	Random forest algorithm can identify the three groups with 70–80% accuracy	Shi et al. (2021)

GD, Graves’ disease; GO, Graves’ orbitopathy; F/B ratio, Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio; HC, healthy controls.