TABLE 1.
Biomarkers recommended by expert groups to determine micronutrient deficiency at the population level1
| Micronutrient | Recommended biomarker | Expert group | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Iodine | Urinary iodine | BOND, IGN, WHO | (34, 35) |
| s/p thyroglobulin | BOND | (35) | |
| Iron | s/p ferritin | BOND, WHO | (37, 38, 40) |
| s/p soluble transferrin receptor | BOND, WHO | (39, 40) | |
| Zinc | s/p zinc | BOND, IZiNCG | (41–43) |
| Vitamin A | s/p retinol | BOND, WHO | (44, 45) |
| s/p retinol-binding protein concentration | BOND | (44) |
1
BOND, Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development; IGN, Iodine Global Network; IZiNCG, International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group; s/p, serum or plasma.