Table 1.
Mean, standard deviation, and paired t test of acoustical parameters for all the participants before and after Ujjayi pranayama.
| Mean |
SD |
p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | Pre | Post | ||
| F0 (Hz) | 191.73 | 198.12 | 46.32 | 42.55 | 0.236 |
| I0 (dB) | 63.23 | 68.67 | 4.14 | 3.37 | 0.000a |
| F1 (Hz) | 692.29 | 663.69 | 124.84 | 128.77 | 0.377 |
| F2 (Hz) | 1376.19 | 1316.75 | 179.66 | 181.96 | 0.338 |
| F3 (Hz) | 2734.09 | 2564.30 | 291.20 | 231.32 | 0.051 |
| F4 (Hz) | 3932.60 | 3897.32 | 302.13 | 238.04 | 0.642 |
| Jitter (%) | 0.75 | 0.38 | 0.58 | 0.20 | 0.019a |
| Shimmer (%) | 5.95 | 2.10 | 8.85 | 0.74 | 0.062 |
| NHR | 0.057 | 0.028 | 0.07 | 0.016 | 0.080 |
F0 – Fundamental Frequency, F1-4 - Formant frequencies, NHR – Noise-to-Harmonic Ratio.
a
Significant results with P value less than 0.05.