Table 1.

Search strategy detailed information

Source	Search terms	Search dates
PubMed	(“2000/01/01”(Date - Publication): “2021/07/21”(Date - Publication)) AND (surveillance(Title/Abstract)) AND ((electronic(Title/Abstract)) OR (digital(Title/Abstract)) OR (automated(Title/Abstract)) OR (real-time(Title/Abstract)) OR (real time(Title/Abstract))) AND (antimicrobial resistan*(Title/Abstract))	1 January 2000 to 21 July 2021
Web of Science	(AB=(surveillance AND (electronic OR digital OR automated OR real-time OR real time) AND antimicrobial resistan*))	1 January 2000 to 21 July 2021
Google Scholar	(Antimicrobial resistance surveillance) AND ((electronic) OR (digital) OR (automated) OR (real-time) OR (real time))	1 January 2000 to 21 July 2021
Grey Literature	The NAPs of countries recorded within the WHO library of national action plans (NAPs) were extracted and assessed to identify any electronic information systems (EIS) or potentially developing EIS that met the inclusion criteria, further described in online supplemental table S4. Other organisations (such as Food and Agriculture Organisation and World Organisation for Animal Health), and the reference list of included studies were also scanned.	2000 to 2021*

*The earliest NAP included in this study was published in 2011.