Fig. 4.

The giant stump of a recently harvested tree of life or Western redwood, Thuja Plicata, and the surrounding destruction left by the logging industry. Note again the sheer size of these buttresses and the extent of the root system beneath which are able to hold large amounts of carbon-rich soil. Without this structure, the soil, and its carbon, is at risk of washing away with the increasing floods. This photograph was taken by TJ Watt in the old-growth forests of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada