. 2021 Dec 16;26(50):2001659. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.50.2001659

Table 1. Evidence type for efficacy of 4-valent recombinant human papillomavirus vaccination of males aged 16–26 years, summary from ECDC guidance on HPV vaccination^a.

Outcomes	Design	Vaccine efficacy		Risk of bias	Inconsistency	Indirectness	Imprecision	Evidence type (GRADE)
Outcomes	Design	%	95% CI	Risk of bias	Inconsistency	Indirectness	Imprecision	Evidence type (GRADE)
HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18
6MPI	4-valent recombinant vaccination compared with placebo (one RCT)	85.6	73.4 to 92.9	Not serious	Not serious	Not serious	Not serious	High
AIN2/3		74.9	8.8 to 95.4	Not serious	Not serious	Not serious	Not serious	High
PeIN2/3		100.0	−3 788.2 to 100.0	Not serious	Not serious	Not serious	Very serious^b	Low
Anogenital warts		89.4	65.5 to 97.9	Not serious	Not serious	Not serious	Not serious	High

AIN2/3: anal intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 and 3; CI: confidence interval; ECDC: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control; GRADE: grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation; HPV: human papillomavirus; PeIN: penile intraepithelial neoplasia; RCT: randomised controlled trial; 6MPI: 6-month persistent infection.

^a Based on the ECDC report ‘Guidance on HPV vaccination in EU countries: focus on boys, people living with HIV and 9-valent HPV vaccine introduction’ [14].

^b Downgraded by one level for imprecision because of very wide 95% CI.

Table 1. Evidence type for efficacy of 4-valent recombinant human papillomavirus vaccination of males aged 16–26 years, summary from ECDC guidance on HPV vaccinationa.

Table 1. Evidence type for efficacy of 4-valent recombinant human papillomavirus vaccination of males aged 16–26 years, summary from ECDC guidance on HPV vaccination^a.