Table 2. Age-specific counts, crude risks and adjusted odds ratios for severe COVID-19 outcomes comparing cases with and without any comorbidity, pooled from seven EU countries, weeks 32/2020 to 39/2021 (n = 210,008).
| Age (years) | Any comorbidity | Symptomatic cases | Cases with outcome | Crude stratified risk | Adjusted RRa | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Risk % (95% CI) | p value | aOR (95% CI) | ||||
| Hospitalisation | ||||||
| Total 0–17 | No | 203,548 | 1,506 | 0.74 (0.70–0.78) | < 0.0001 | 7.29 (3.28–16.20) |
| Yes | 6,460 | 293 | 4.54 (4.04–5.07) | |||
| < 1 | No | 3,812 | 537 | 14.09 (13.00–15.23) | < 0.05 | 1.68 (0.38–7.41) |
| Yes | 184 | 37 | 20.11 (14.57–26.64) | |||
| 1–4 | No | 16,054 | 275 | 1.71 (1.52–1.93) | < 0.0001 | 8.95 (5.02–15.95) |
| Yes | 419 | 56 | 13.37 (10.26–17.00) | |||
| 5–11 | No | 68,152 | 273 | 0.40 (0.35–0.45) | < 0.0001 | 11.98 (9.02–15.91) |
| Yes | 1,791 | 77 | 4.30 (3.41–5.34) | |||
| 12–17 | No | 115,530 | 421 | 0.36 (0.33–0.40) | < 0.0001 | 9.28 (5.92–14.54) |
| Yes | 4,066 | 123 | 3.03 (2.52–3.60) | |||
| ICU | ||||||
| Total 0–17 | No | 203,548 | 102 | 0.05 (0.04–0.06) | < 0.0001 | 8.74 (6.22–12.27) |
| Yes | 6,460 | 32 | 0.50 (0.34–0.70) | |||
| < 1 | No | 3,812 | 32 | 0.84 (0.57–1.18) | 1 | 1.72 (0.30–9.96) |
| Yes | 184 | 2 | 1.09 (0.13–3.87) | |||
| 1–4 | No | 16,054 | 21 | 0.13 (0.08–0.20) | < 0.0001 | 10.25 (5.70–18.45) |
| Yes | 419 | 6 | 1.43 (0.53–3.09) | |||
| 5–11 | No | 68,152 | 15 | 0.02 (0.01–0.04) | < 0.0001 | 18.56 (10.12–34.06) |
| Yes | 1,791 | 9 | 0.50 (0.23–0.95) | |||
| 12–17 | No | 115,530 | 34 | 0.03 (0.02–0.04) | < 0.0001 | 10.25 (7.55–13.90) |
| Yes | 4,066 | 15 | 0.37 (0.21–0.61) | |||
| Death | ||||||
| Total 0–17 | No | 203,548 | 22 | 0.01 (0.01–0.02) | < 0.0001 | 26.85 (4.97–145.05) |
| Yes | 6,460 | 14 | 0.22 (0.12–0.36) | |||
| < 1 | No | 3,812 | 4 | 0.10 (0.03–0.27) | 0.56 | 9.05 (0.70–117.78) |
| Yes | 184 | 1 | 0.54 (0.01–2.99) | |||
| 1–4 | No | 16,054 | 6 | 0.04 (0.01–0.08) | 0.44 | 7.02 (0.62–79.09) |
| Yes | 419 | 1 | 0.24 (0.01–1.32) | |||
| 5–11 | No | 68,152 | 2 | 0.00 (0.00–0.01) | < 0.0001 | 158.61 (19.06–1,319.58) |
| Yes | 1,791 | 6 | 0.34 (0.12–0.73) | |||
| 12–17 | No | 115,530 | 10 | 0.01 (0.00–0.02) | < 0.0001 | 24.81 (4.49–137.05) |
| Yes | 4,066 | 6 | 0.15 (0.05–0.32) | |||
| ICU among hospitalised cases | ||||||
| Total 0–17 | No | 1,506 | 102 | 6.77 (5.56–8.16) | < 0.05 | 1.24 (0.95–1.62) |
| Yes | 293 | 32 | 10.92 (7.59–15.07) | |||
| < 1 | No | 537 | 32 | 5.96 (4.11–8.31) | 1 | 0.73 (0.29–1.88) |
| Yes | 37 | 2 | 5.41 (0.66–18.19) | |||
| 1–4 | No | 275 | 21 | 7.64 (4.79–11.44) | 0.62 | 1.37 (0.65–2.89) |
| Yes | 56 | 6 | 10.71 (4.03–21.88) | |||
| 5–11 | No | 273 | 15 | 5.49 (3.11–8.90) | 0.1 | 1.58 (0.94–2.66) |
| Yes | 77 | 9 | 11.69 (5.49–21.03) | |||
| 12–17 | No | 421 | 34 | 8.08 (5.66–11.10) | 0.22 | 1.18 (0.74–1.90) |
| Yes | 123 | 15 | 12.20 (6.99–19.32) | |||
COVID-19: coronavirus disease; EU: European Union; ICU: intensive care unit; RR: relative risk.
aLogistic regression models: for Total 0–17 years: outcome ca any comorbidity + age group (< 1, 1–4, 5–11, 12–17 years) + covariables period (weeks 32/2020 to 53/2020 (pre-vaccine period), 1/2021 to 21/2021 (Alpha variant dominant), 22/2021 to 27/2021 (Alpha and Delta variants co-circulating), 28/2021 to 39/2021 (Delta variant dominant), sex (male/female) and reporting country. Robust standard errors accounting for clustering on reporting country. Age group-specific estimates were obtained using an interaction between age group and any comorbidity.
This table is based on data from seven countries (Cyprus, Finland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Slovakia and Sweden) with information on comorbidities reported for 210,008 of 460,790 paediatric cases (45.6%). Data from Austria, Germany and Ireland (359,614 cases, 3,619 hospitalised) that did not include information on comorbidities were excluded.