Table 3.
Level of cognitive performance and rate of cognitive decline per year across trajectories of physical activity
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ß (95% CI) | |||
| Association of decreasing physical activity with the level of cognitive performance | |||
| Immediate recall | −0.47 (−0.50; −0.44)** | −0.18 (−0.21; −0.15)** | −0.10 (−0.13; −0.06)** |
| Verbal fluency | −2.58 (−2.73; −2.43)** | −1.03 (−1.17; −0.90)** | −0.71 (−0.85; −0.57)** |
| Delayed recall | −0.51 (−0.55; −0.47)** | −0.17 (−0.21; −0.14)** | −0.08 (−0.12; −0.04)** |
| Association of decreasing physical activity with the rate of cognitive decline (physical activity trajectory × time) | |||
| Immediate recall | −0.03 (−0.04; −0.03)** | −0.03 (−0.04; −0.03)** | −0.03 (−0.04; −0.03)** |
| Verbal fluency | −0.17 (−0.19; −0.15)** | −0.15 (−0.17; −0.14)** | −0.16 (−0.17; −0.14)** |
| Delayed recall | −0.04 (−0.05; −0.04)** | −0.04 (−0.05; −0.04)** | −0.04 (−0.05; −0.04)** |
| Rate of cognitive decline stratified by the trajectory of physical activity | |||
| Decreasing physical activity | |||
| Immediate recall | −0.05 (−0.05; −0.04)** | −0.04 (−0.05; −0.04)** | −0.04 (−0.05; −0.04)** |
| Verbal fluency | −0.24 (−0.26; −0.23)** | −0.23 (−0.24; −0.21)** | −0.22 (−0.24; −0.21)** |
| Delayed recall | −0.05 (−0.05; −0.04)** | −0.04 (−0.05; −0.04)** | −0.04 (−0.05; −0.04)** |
| Constantly high physical activity | |||
| Immediate recall | −0.01 (−0.01; −0.01)** | −0.01 (−0.01; −0.01)** | −0.01 (−0.01; −0.01)** |
| Verbal fluency | −0.07 (−0.08; −0.06)** | −0.06 (−0.06; −0.05) ** | −0.05 (−0.06; −0.04)** |
| Delayed recall | −2.2 × 10−3 (−4.9 × 10−3; 5.4 × 10−4) | −2.2 × 10−4 (−2.5 × 10−3; 3.0 × 10−3) | 6.0 × 10−4 (−2.2 × 10−3; 3.4 × 10−3) |
CI, confidence interval.
Results are derived from linear mixed-effects models.
Model 1: adjusted for age and sex.
Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, birth cohort, region, education, residence, household size, a partner in household, household net worth, current job situation, number of children, number of grandchildren and attrition.
Model 3: adjusted for age, sex, birth cohort, region, education, residence, household size, a partner in household, household net worth, current job situation, number of children, number of grandchildren, attrition, limitations in IADL, depressive symptoms, number of chronic diseases, body mass index, mobility limitations index, smoking, alcohol use and eating behaviour.
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.001.