Table 1.
Overall characteristics of included articles in the systematic review and meta-analysis.
| Authors | Publication year | Study year | Sample size | Study design | Low back pain (%) | Upper back pain (%) | Population | Study participants (gender) | Data collection tool | Region | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Fe male | ||||||||||
| Tamene et al 28 | 2020 | 2019 | 344 | Cross-sectional | 62.8 | 10.4 | Vehicle repair workers | 340 | 4 | NMQ | SNNP |
| Tafese et al 29 | 2018 | 2015 | 422 | Cross-sectional | 64.9 | NA | Industry workers | 52 | 370 | NMQ | Oromia |
| Kibret et al 30 | 2020 | 2018 | 307 | Cross-sectional | 40.4 | 33.6 | Bank workers | 198 | 109 | NMQ | Tigray |
| Hailu et al 31 | 2020 | 2018 | 412 | Cross-sectional | 35.9 | 15.8 | Industry workers | 257 | 155 | NMQ and Oswestry back pain disability index | Oromia |
| Wanamo et al 32 | 2017 | 2015 | 422 | Cross-sectional | 64.2 | NA | Industry workers | Not specified | NMQ | Addis Ababa | |
| Fanta et al 33 | 2020 | 2017 | 625 | Cross-sectional | 38.4 | NA | Civil service workers | 408 | 217 | NMQ | SNNP |
| Henok and Bekele 34 | 2017 | 2016 | 422 | Cross-sectional | 67.3 | 60.4 | Pedestrian back-loading women | 422 | NMQ | SNNP | |
| Kebede et al 20 | 2019 | 2015 | 611 | Cross-sectional | 74.8 | NA | Teachers | 280 | 331 | NMQ | Tigray |
| Yosef et al 15 | 2019 | 2018 | 400 | Cross-sectional | 65.0 | NA | Truck drivers | 400 | NMQ | Oromia | |
| Mekonnen et al 35 | 2019 | 2018 | 417 | Cross-sectional | NA | 38.8 | Barbers | 362 | 55 | NMQ | Amhara |
| Olana 36 | 2018 | 2017 | 660 | Cross-sectional | 58.2 | NA | Industry workers | 449 | 211 | NMQ | Oromia |
| Abebaw et al 37 | 2018 | 2016 | 771 | Cross-sectional | 44.0 | NA | Teachers | 393 | 378 | NMQ | Addis Ababa |
| Lette et al 38 | 2019 | 2017 | 410 | Cross-sectional | 25.5 | 15.7 | Construction workers | Not specified | . . . | Derived from published literatures | Oromia |
| Mekonnen 39 | 2019 | 2017 | 429 | Cross-sectional | 55.7 | NA | Barbers | 373 | 56 | NMQ | Amhara |
| Mekonnen 19 | 2019 | 2017 | 418 | Cross-sectional | 63.6 | NA | Nurses | 185 | 233 | NMQ | Oromia |
| Mekonnen et al 40 | 2020 | 2019 | 652 | Cross-sectional | 53.2 | 50.4 | Hairdressers | 358 | 294 | NMQ | Oromia |
| Melese et al 41 | 2020 | 2019 | 264 | Cross-sectional | 34.8 | 17.0 | Cleaners | 264 | NMQ | Tigray | |
| Dagne et al 42 | 2020 | 2016-2017 | 755 | Cross-sectional | 54.3 | 35.4 | Bank workers | 372 | 383 | NMQ | Addis Ababa |
| Tolera and Kabeto 43 | 2020 | 2018 | 368 | Cross-sectional | 55.7 | NA | Beauty Salon Workers | 320 | 48 | NMQ | Oromia |
| Regassa et al 44 | 2018 | 2015 | 301 | Cross-sectional | 67.8 | 15.3 | Nurses | 159 | 142 | DMQ | Oromia |
Abbreviations: DMQ, Dutch musculoskeletal questionnaire; NMQ: Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire.