Table 2.

Multinomial logistic regression model showing relative risk of chronic pain sites in participants with 0, 1, 2–3 and ≥4 long-term conditions. All p-values were two sided and <0.01.

Outcome variable	Presence of chronic pain (RRR (95% CI) Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, Townsend score (deprivation)	Presence of chronic pain (RRR (95% CI) Model 2: Model 1+ smoking, alcohol, BMI and physical activity levels
Number of long-term conditions	Have chronic pain
0	1	1
1	1.43 (1.43–1.45)	1.36 (1.34–1.38)
2–3	2.13 (2.10–2.16)	1.88 (1.85–1.91)
≥4	4.56 (4.41–4.71)	3.56 (3.44–3.68)