. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2021 Nov 18;180:114057. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114057

Table 2.

Summary of validated therapeutic window by antimicrobial blue light as determined by numerous studies published 2017 -present [31,48,82,50,94]

Cell/tissue type	Wavelength	Experimental paradigm	Validated therapeutic window	Reference
Human keratinocytes	405 nm	In vitro	216 J/cm²	[31]
Human keratinocytes c	405 nm	In vitro	216 J/cm²	[48]
Human colon cells	405 nm	In vitro	144 J/cm²	[81]
Human T lymphocytes	470 nm	In vitro	≥ 110 J/cm²	[82]
Human monocytes	470 nm	In vitro	≥ 110 J/cm²	[82]
Human dermal fibroblasts	470 nm	In vitro	≥ 110 J/cm²	[82]
Human embryonic kidney cells	460 nm	In vitro	≥60 J/cm²	[94]
Human vaginal epithelial cells	405 nm	In vitro	162 J/cm²	[50]
Human keratinocytes	450 nm	In vitro	≥84 J/cm²	[54]
Human vaginal epithelial cells	405 nm	In vitro	225 J/cm²	[79]
Human skin	415 + 470 nm	In vitro	≥3.24 J/cm²	[85]
Mouse skin	445 nm	In vivo	60 J/cm²	[36]
Mouse skin	405 + 460 nm	In vivo	≥700 J/cm²	[80]
Brain	405 nm	In vivo	≥54 J/cm²	[83]
Human vaginal canal	401 nm	Human clinical trial	≥30 J/cm²	[84]