Figure 1.

Design and operation of AESOP. A) AESOP's operational principle is based on three steps: 1) loading the cells and cargos into the chip. Once the solution primes the main channel, air‐liquid interfaces will be formed between the main and side channels. 2) Turning on LCAT by applying a resonating square‐wave signal to a PZT underneath the chip. The acoustic wave, transmitted from the PZT to the chip, oscillates the air‐liquid interfaces, resulting in the formation of acoustic microstreaming vortices. The cells trapped in these vortices experience modest and uniform average mechanical shear that creates nanopores on their membrane. 3) Uniform enlargement of pores by uniform average exposure of the cells, rotating in vortices, to the electric field. The cargos are uniformly delivered into cells by chaotic mixing generated by acoustic microstreaming vortices. B) AESOP device setup, and C) Microscope image of cells rotating in acoustic microstreaming vortices, on top of electrodes.