Figure 13.

a) Schematic illustration of the preparation of BVC‐A and BVC‐C electrocatalysts. b) XPS spectra of V 2p. c) XPS spectra of O 1s. d) Band alignment of CeO₂ and Bi₄O₁₁ and scheme of interfacial charge transfer of BVC‐A. Reproduced with permission.^{[ 203 ]} Copyright 2018, Wiley‐VCH. e) Bond length of adsorbed N₂ on different catalysts and the relative density of states. f) Reaction rate constants of H⁺ and N₂ adsorption on Ti³⁺ site in different catalysts. Reproduced with permission.^{[ 28 ]} Copyright 2020, Wiley‐VCH.