| study |
spinal |
epidural |
| Alahuhta |
Failure to reach T4‐5 30 minutes after injection
1 failure |
Failure to reach T4‐5 30 minutes after injection, LA added to achieve level
8 failures |
| Helbo‐Hansen |
3 failures described in text ‐ T10, sharp despite T5, pain on incision despite T5 |
1 failure to reach T6 bilaterally despite boluses. Unilateral block |
| Lertakyamanee |
The randomised technique could be changed at the anaesthetist's consideration but the reasons why were specified.
14 failures |
The randomised technique could be changed at the anaesthetist's consideration but the reasons why were specified.
6 failures |
| Saito |
Block up to T4, table tilted to achieve level
0 failures |
Block up to T4, block tested up to 30 minutes after injection
1 failure |
