Table 4.
Estimated developmental neuronal deficit—difference between controls 25–33 years of age and DS subjects 26–41 years of age (pre-AD stage)
| Structure/subdivision | Number of neurons in controls 25–33 y of age (N = 4) Mean and (SD) | Number of neurons in DS subjects 26–41 y of age (N = 4)Mean and (SD) | Neuronal deficit: difference between controls 25–33 y and DS subjects 26–41 y of age | Neuronal deficit % | Neuronal deficit p < |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Entorhinal cortex—all layers | 11,990,000 (1,774,815) | 9,779,100 (255,051) | 2,210,900 | 18.4 | ns |
| Entorhinal cortex—islands | 964,696 (149,494) | 600,288 (100,952) | 364,408 | 37.7 | ns |
| CA1 | 12,347,870 (723,418) | 7,584,266 (1,745,386) | 4,763,604 | 38.6 | ns |
| CA2 | 1,344,755 (102,483) | 1,375,511 (435,724) | 0 | 0 | |
| CA3 | 1,265,037 (411,514) | 1,062,288 (467,225) | 202,749 | 16.0 | ns |
| CA4 | 1,329,732 (105,406) | 1,105,866 (159,035) | 223,866 | 16.8 | ns |
| Subiculum | 4,256,000 (397,748) | 3,049,650 (492,839) | 1,206,350 | 28.3 | ns |
| Amygdala | 14,192,266 (2,976,788) | 6,978,730 (724,797) | 7,213,356 | 50.8 | ns |
| Thalamus | 31,086,400 (1,755,888) | 14,774,176 (837,618) | 16,312,224 | 52.5 | ns |
| Substantia nigra | 815,726 (179,515) | 550,053 (107,611) | 265,673 | 32.5 | ns |
| MBC | 865,795 (87,266) | 981,577 (124,910) | 0 | 0 | |
| Caudate nucleus | 41,884,561 (4,548,630) | 41,434,112 (4,788,237) | 450,449 | 1.1 | ns |
| Purkinje cells | 21,845,212 (499,288) | 14,247,128 (2,946,322) | 7,598,084 | 34.8 | ns |
| Dentate nucleus | 1,528,995 (267,727) | 510,829 (26,959) | 1,018,166 | 66.5 | ns |
| Cumulative developmental neuronal deficit: 40,812,681 | Mean developmental neuronal deficit: 28.1% |
MBC = magnocellular basal complex