Table 3.
Hazard ratios (95% CI) of CVD by total choline and betaine tertile
Dietary intake | Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | P trend | Continuous | P trend |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total choline intake | ||||||
Person years | 9524 | 9418 | 9489 | 28,431 | ||
No. of cases | 63 | 69 | 55 | 187 | ||
Median (mg/d) | 176 | 228 | 289 | Per 50 mg/d | ||
Age and sex-adjusted model | 1 | 0.98 (0.70–1.36) | 0.80 (0.56–1.14) | 0.22 | 0.93 (0.84–1.04) | 0.21 |
aMultivariate-adjusted model | 1 | 0.97 (0.67–1.39) | 0.80 (0.56–1.23) | 0.31 | 0.94 (0.83–1.07) | 0.39 |
Betaine intake | ||||||
Person years | 9534 | 9497 | 9401 | 28,431 | ||
No. of cases | 57 | 56 | 74 | 187 | ||
Median (mg/d) | 56.4 | 80.7 | 110 | Per 25 mg/d | ||
Age and sex-adjusted model | 1 | 0.99 (0.69–1.41) | 0.96 (0.68–1.35) | 0.82 | 0.97 (0.88–1.07) | 0.59 |
bMultivariate-adjusted model | 1 | 1.07 (0.72–1.58) | 0.96 (0.64–1.44) | 0.83 | 0.95 (0.85–1.07) | 0.45 |
Cox proportional hazards regression was conducted
aAdjusted for sex, age, smoking, BMI, total energy intake, FSG, TG/HDL, meat, fruit, vegetable, and oil
bAdjusted for sex, age, smoking, BMI, total energy intake, FSG, TG/HDL, SBP, fruit, oil, and fiber