Table 2.
Comparisons of radiographic measurements, prevalence of radiographically-assessed hallux valgus and self-recognition about hallux valgus, and grades of hallux valgus severity between feet of men and women
| Total (n = 3992) |
Men (n = 1308) |
Women (n = 2684) |
P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HVA (degrees) | All | 16.8 ± 7.6 | 14.4 ± 6.2 | 18.0 ± 7.9 | < 0.0001 |
| Age < 39 | 15.3 ± 5.0 | 13.6 ± 4.7 | 16.7 ± 4.8 | 0.0004 | |
| Age 40–49 | 16.4 ± 6.1 | 14.1 ± 5.3 | 17.9 ± 6.2 | < 0.0001 | |
| Age 50–59 | 16.5 ± 6.6 | 13.7 ± 5.0 | 17.6 ± 6.8 | < 0.0001 | |
| Age 60–69 | 17.0 ± 7.5 | 14.7 ± 5.9 | 18.2 ± 7.9 | < 0.0001 | |
| Age 70–79 | 17.1 ± 8.4 | 14.6 ± 7.0 | 18.1 ± 8.7 | < 0.0001 | |
| Age 80≦ | 16.6 ± 8.7 | 14.4 ± 7.2 | 17.9 ± 9.2 | < 0.0001 | |
| IPA (degrees) | All | 15.4 ± 5.6 | 16.6 ± 4.8 | 14.9 ± 5.8 | < 0.0001 |
| Age < 39 | 17.3 ± 4.2 | 18.0 ± 3.8 | 16.7 ± 4.4 | 0.0501 | |
| Age 40–49 | 16.6 ± 4.5 | 16.4 ± 4.6 | 16.7 ± 4.5 | 0.6864 | |
| Age 50–59 | 16.3 ± 4.7 | 17.1 ± 4.5 | 16.0 ± 4.8 | 0.0016 | |
| Age 60–69 | 15.0 ± 5.5 | 16.5 ± 4.9 | 14.3 ± 5.7 | < 0.0001 | |
| Age 70–79 | 14.9 ± 6.1 | 16.4 ± 4.9 | 14.2 ± 6.4 | < 0.0001 | |
| Age 80≦ | 15.0 ± 6.2 | 16.1 ± 5.2 | 14.3 ± 6.7 | 0.0007 | |
| IMA (degrees) | All | 8.6 ± 2.6 | 8.0 ± 2.5 | 8.9 ± 2.7 | < 0.0001 |
| Age < 39 | 7.6 ± 1.7 | 7.4 ± 1.8 | 7.8 ± 1.6 | 0.1787 | |
| Age 40–49 | 8.2 ± 2.1 | 7.9 ± 2.0 | 8.4 ± 2.1 | 0.0175 | |
| Age 50–59 | 8.1 ± 2.3 | 7.6 ± 2.1 | 8.3 ± 2.3 | 0.0002 | |
| Age 60–69 | 8.6 ± 2.6 | 7.9 ± 2.3 | 8.9 ± 2.7 | < 0.0001 | |
| Age 70–79 | 9.1 ± 2.9 | 8.3 ± 2.8 | 9.5 ± 2.9 | < 0.0001 | |
| Age 80≦ | 9.1 ± 2.9 | 8.8 ± 2.9 | 9.2 ± 2.8 | 0.1432 | |
| Contribution of IPA to TVDH (%) | 48.9 ± 17.6 | 54.5 ± 14.6 | 46.2 ± 18.3 | < 0.0001 | |
| HV grade (feet [%]) | Normal | 2803 (70.2%) | 1092 (83.5%)a | 1711 (63.8%) | < 0.0001 |
| Mild | 928 (23.2%) | 188 (14.4%) | 740 (27.6%)a | ||
| Moderate | 222 (5.6%) | 22 (1.7%) | 200 (7.5%)a | ||
| Severe | 39 (1.0%) | 6 (0.5%) | 33 (1.2%)a | ||
| Prevalence of radiographic HV (feet [%]) | 1189 (29.8%) | 216 (16.5%) | 973 (36.3%) | < 0.0001 | |
| Prevalence of HV self-recognition (feet [%]) | 657 (16.5%) | 71 (5.4%) | 586 (21.8%) | < 0.0001 | |
Abbreviations: HVA hallux valgus angle, IPA interphalangeal angle, IMA intermetatarsal angle between 1st and 2nd metatarsals, TVDH total valgus deformity of the hallux, HV hallux valgus
aSignificantly higher proportion in the comparison between men and women which was detected from the chi-square test and subsequent adjusted residual analysis