TABLE 1.
Features of the study cohort by reduced skeletal muscle mass and muscle weakness
| Demographic and clinical characteristic |
Whole cohort (N = 1076) |
Normal SMMI Normal HG (N = 210) |
Low SMMI Normal HG (N = 342) |
Normal SMMI Low HG (N = 158) |
Low SMMI Low HG (N = 366) |
p‐value a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (male), N (%) | 636 (59.1) | 55 (26.2) | 238 (31.8) | 54 (34.2) | 289 (79.0) | <0.001 |
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 64.7 (55.0–72.1) | 64.2 (54.0–70.0) | 66.0 (56.0–72.8) | 61.3 (52.0–68.2) | 65.0 (55.3–74.0) | 0.23 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 23.6 (4.3) | 25.7 (4.4) | 23.9 (4.1) | 24.5 (4.9) | 21.8 (3.5) | <0.001 |
| 6‐month weight loss (%), mean (SD) | 8.6 (9.6) | 5.8 (8.7) | 6.9 (8.8) | 9.2 (8.9) | 11.4 (10.3) | <0.001 |
| Cancer site, N (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| Gastrointestinal | 343 (31.9) | 72 (34.2) | 133 (38.9) | 39 (24.7) | 99 (27.1) | |
| Head and neck | 229 (21.3) | 40 (19.1) | 79 (23.1) | 25 (15.8) | 85 (23.2) | |
| Urogenital | 157 (14.6) | 35 (16.7) | 35 (10.2) | 37 (23.4) | 50 (13.7) | |
| Haematological | 144 (13.4) | 35 (16.7) | 47 (13.7) | 22 (13.9) | 40 (10.9) | |
| Neuroendocrine, adrenal and thyroid | 37 (3.4) | 10 (4.8) | 5 (1.5) | 10 (6.3) | 12 (3.3) | |
| Lung | 75 (7.0) | 8 (3.8) | 22 (6.4) | 11 (7.0) | 34 (9.3) | |
| others | 91 (8.5) | 10 (4.8) | 21 (6.1) | 14 (8.9) | 46 (12.6) | |
| Cancer stage, N (%) | 0.002 | |||||
| I | 138 (12.8) | 30 (14.3) | 51 (14.9) | 10 (6.3) | 47 (12.8) | |
| II | 107 (10.0) | 29 (13.8) | 42 (12.3) | 8 (5.1) | 28 (7.7) | |
| III | 180 (16.7) | 38 (18.1) | 60 (17.5) | 26 (16.5) | 56 (15.3) | |
| IV | 651 (60.5) | 113 (53.8) | 189 (55.3) | 114 (72.2) | 235 (64.2) | |
| ECOG performance status, N (%) | 0.01 | |||||
| 0–1 | 721 (67.0) | 151 (71.9) | 241 (70.5) | 104 (65.8) | 225 (61.5) | |
| 2 | 324 (30.1) | 55 (26.2) | 97 (28.4) | 45 (28.5) | 127 (34.7) | |
| 3 | 31 (2.9) | 4 (1.9) | 4 (1.2) | 9 (5.7) | 14 (3.8) | |
| Skeletal muscle mass index (kg/m2), mean (SD) | <0.001 for all | |||||
| Overall | 8.71 (1.91) | 8.92 (1.87) | 8.39 (1.96) | 9.39 (2.48) | 8.31 (1.47) | |
| Males | 9.59 (1.51) | 11.67 (0.73) | 9.38 (0.87) | 12.12 (1.99) | 8.89 (1.02) | |
| Females | 7.20 (1.26) | 7.95 (0.97) | 6.11 (0.51) | 7.98 (1.19) | 6.11 (0.52) | |
| Handgrip strength (kg), mean (SD) | <0.001 for all | |||||
| Overall | 25.4 (10.3) | 26.9 (8.8) | 32.7 (9.9) | 17.7 (7.5) | 21.1 (7.3) | |
| Males | 30.1 (9.9) | 38.2 (6.7) | 37.9 (7.0) | 25.3 (6.5) | 23.1 (6.7) | |
| Females | 18.6 (6.3) | 22.8 (5.3) | 20.9 (4.3) | 13.8 (4.3 | 13.6 (4.2) |
Abbreviations: ECOG, Eastern Cooperative oncology Group; HG, handgrip strength; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation; SMMI, skeletal muscle mass index.
a
One‐way analysis of variance (continuous variables) or Fisher's exact test (categorical variables).