Table 3.
Logistic regression estimates for poor SRH, low psychological health and low subjective well-being among older adults
| Background factors | Poor SRH | Low psychological health | Low subjective well-being |
|---|---|---|---|
| AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | |
| Tooth loss | |||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 2.38*(1.99,2.83) | 1.59*(1.33,1.91) | 1.65*(1.38,1.97) |
| Smoking tobacco | |||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 1.04 (0.88,1.21) | 1.11 (0.92,1.34) | 1.08 (0.89,1.39) |
| Chewing tobacco | |||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 1.04 (0.92,1.18) | 0.99 (0.86,1.13) | 0.87*(0.76,0.99) |
| Alcohol consumption | |||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 0.88 (0.72,1.07) | 1.14 (0.89,1.45) | 0.78 (0.61,1) |
| Chronic diseases | |||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 2.17*(1.91,2.34) | 1.57*(1.39,1.79) | 1.40*(1.31,1.67) |
| Difficulty in ADL | |||
| High | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Low | 2.44*(1.94,3.06) | 2.27*(1.88,2.74) | 2.61*(2.15,3.14) |
| Difficulty in IADL | |||
| High | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Low | 1.63*(1.47,1.81) | 1.68*(1.47,1.91) | 1.72*(1.52,1.94) |
| Age (years) | |||
| 60-69 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| 70-79 | 1.18*(1.06,1.32) | 1.14 (1,1.3) | 1.19*(1.05,1.35) |
| 80+ | 1.18 (0.99,1.41) | 1.19 (0.98,1.43) | 1.26*(1.04,1.51) |
| Sex | |||
| Male | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Female | 0.89 (0.79,1.01) | 0.88 (0.76,1.02) | 0.94 (0.78,1.04) |
| Marital Status | |||
| Not in union | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Currently in union | 0.99 (0.88,1.12) | 0.97 (0.84,1.12) | 0.91 (0.79,1.04) |
| Education | |||
| No education | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Below 5 years | 0.89 (0.78,1.01) | 0.75*(0.65,0.87) | 0.74*(0.64,0.86) |
| 6-10 years | 0.69*(0.6,0.79) | 0.48*(0.4,0.57) | 0.53*(0.45,0.63) |
| 11+ years | 0.60*(0.48,0.75) | 0.51*(0.36,0.71) | 0.51*(0.37,0.7) |
| Working status (last one year) | |||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 0.77*(0.68,0.88) | 0.81*(0.7,0.94) | 0.83*(0.71,0.95) |
| Retired | 0.63*(0.53,0.75) | 0.46*(0.34,0.62) | 0.47*(0.35,0.62) |
| Living arrangement | |||
| Alone | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| With spouse | 0.99 (0.78,1.26) | 0.61*(0.46,0.79) | 0.82 (0.61,1.04) |
| With children | 1.01 (0.82,1.25) | 0.73*(0.58,0.92) | 0.71*(0.57,0.89) |
| Others | 0.93 (0.72,1.21) | 0.93 (0.69,1.24) | 0.89 (0.67,1.18) |
| Wealth quintile | |||
| Poorest | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Poorer | 0.67*(0.58,0.79) | 0.94 (0.8,1.1) | 0.69*(0.59,0.81) |
| Middle | 0.55*(0.46,0.65) | 0.76*(0.63,0.92) | 0.48*(0.4,0.58) |
| Richer | 0.49*(0.41,0.59) | 0.65*(0.52,0.8) | 0.41*(0.34,0.51) |
| Richest | 0.52*(0.42,0.64) | 0.51*(0.4,0.66) | 0.28*(0.22,0.35) |
| Religion | |||
| Hindu | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Muslim | 1.02 (0.81,1.23) | 1.16 (0.92,1.46) | 1.08 (0.87,1.35) |
| Sikh | 1.03 (0.81,1.31) | 1.08 (0.67,1.48) | 1.07 (0.76,1.51) |
| Others | 1.11 (0.87,1.43) | 0.95 (0.69,1.31) | 1.11 (0.82,1.49) |
| Caste | |||
| Scheduled Caste | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Scheduled Tribe | 0.82 (0.65,1.04) | 0.84 (0.65,1.08) | 0.81 (0.64,1.04) |
| Other Backward Class | 1.07 (0.93,1.24) | 0.79*(0.67,0.94) | 0.96 (0.82,1.12) |
| Others | 0.95 (0.83,1.09) | 0.83*(0.71,0.98) | 0.81*(0.7,0.95) |
| Residence | |||
| Rural | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Urban | 1.01 (0.91,1.12) | 0.99 (0.87,1.12) | 1.17*(1.04,1.32) |
| State | |||
| Himachal Pradesh | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Punjab | 2.06*(1.67,2.55) | 0.38*(0.27,0.54) | 0.72*(0.52,0.99) |
| West Bengal | 3.87*(3.18,4.71) | 1.92*(1.53,2.41) | 4.88*(3.91,6.11) |
| Orissa | 0.76*(0.63,0.92) | 2.34*(1.86,2.95) | 2.13*(1.69,2.68) |
| Maharashtra | 0.73*(0.61,0.88) | 1.63*(1.29,2.06) | 3.31*(2.63,4.14) |
| Kerala | 3.01*(2.48,3.66) | 1.08 (0.82,1.41) | 1.36*(1.05,1.77) |
| Tamil Nadu | 1.23*(1.01,1.54) | 5.07*(3.98,6.46) | 2.77*(2.17,3.52) |
| R-square | 0.152 | 0.178 | 0.187 |
Ref Reference, *if p < 0.05, SRH self-rated health, ADL Activities of Daily Living, IADL Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, % percentage, AOR Adjusted Odds Ratio