Table 2.
Summary of mental health outcomes and assessment tools used
| Author and Year | Mental illness | Tool used | Females | Males | Total | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample size | Prevalence rate (%) | No. of cases | Sample size | Prevalence rate (%) | No. of cases | Sample size | Prevalence rate (%) | No. of cases | |||
| Ahmad et al. 2020 [27] | Depression | Patient Health Questionaire (PHQ)-9 | 984 | 18.5 | 182 | 937 | 11.6 | 109 | 1924 | 15.2 | 293 |
| Al Ibraheem et al. 2017 [28] | PTSD | Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-2) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 111 | 23.4 | 26 |
| Chung et al. 2018 [19] | PTSD | Harvard Trauma Questionnaire | 183 | 31.7 | 58 | 381 | 28.9 | 110 | 564 | 30 | 168 |
| Euteneuer et al. 2018 [29] | Depression | Patient Health Questionaire (PHQ)-9 (Arabic version) | – | – | – | 164 | 28.7 | 47 | 164 | 28.7 | 47 |
| Georgiadou et al. 2018 [30] | PTSD | Essen Trauma Inventory (ETI) | 61 | 16.4 | 10 | 139 | 8.6 | 12 | 200 | 11.4 | 22 |
| Depression | Patient Health Questionnaire—Depression Module (PHQ-9) | 61 | 34.4 | 21 | 139 | 23.7 | 33 | 200 | 27 | 54 | |
| Anxiety | GAD-7 Scale | 61 | 24.6 | 15 | 139 | 8.6 | 12 | 200 | 13.5 | 27 | |
| Javanbakht et al. 2019 [31] | PTSD | PTSD Checklist Civilian version (PCL-C) DSM-IV version | 74 | 31.9 | 22 | 83 | 32.5 | 25 | 157 | 32.2 | 47 |
| Depression | Hopkins Symptom Checklist 25 items (HSCL-25) | 74 | 58.8 | 30 | 83 | 38.3 | 23 | 157 | 47.7 | 53 | |
| Anxiety | Hopkins Symptom Checklist 25 items (HSCL-25) | 74 | 52.7 | 29 | 83 | 29.7 | 19 | 157 | 40.3 | 48 | |
| Lies et al. 2020 [32] | PTSD | Short posttraumatic stress disorder inventory (PTSD-8) | 31 | 77.4 | 24 | 38 | 50 | 19 | 69 | 62.3 | 43 |
| Depression | Hopkins Symptom Checklist 25 items (HSCL-25) | 31 | 68 | 21 | 38 | 42.1 | 16 | 69 | 53.6 | 37 | |
| Anxiety | Hopkins Symptom Checklist 25 items (HSCL-25) | 31 | 74 | 23 | 38 | 36.8 | 14 | 69 | 53.6 | 37 | |
| M’zah et al. 2019 [33] | PTSD | PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PTSD-9) | 10 | N/A | N/A | 15 | N/A | N/A | 25 | 84 | 21 |
| Depression | Hopkins Symptom Checklist 25 items (HSCL-25) | 10 | N/A | N/A | 15 | N/A | N/A | 25 | 44 | 11 | |
| Anxiety | Hopkins Symptom Checklist 25 items (HSCL-25) | 10 | N/A | N/A | 15 | N/A | N/A | 25 | 60 | 15 | |
| Strømme et al. 2020 [34] | PTSD | Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ) | 73 | 4 | 3 | 198 | 11 | 21 | 271 | 9 | 24 |
| Tinghög et al. 2017a [35] | PTSD | Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ) | 452 | 31.3 | N/A | 763 | 29 | N/A | 1215 | 29.9 | N/A |
| Depression | Hopkins Symptom Checklist 25 items (HSCL-25) | 452 | 44.1 | N/A | 763 | 37.9 | N/A | 1215 | 40.2 | N/A | |
| Anxiety | Hopkins Symptom Checklist 25 items (HSCL-25) | 452 | 38.8 | N/A | 763 | 27.7 | N/A | 1215 | 31.8 | N/A | |
| von Haumeder et al. 2019 [36] | PTSD | PCL-5 | 43 | 33.9 | 18 | 84 | 48.8 | 41 | 127 | 46.5 | 59 |
N/A not available
aWeighted prevalence rates