Table 3.
Risk of bias assessment
| Author and Year | Appropriate sample frame | Appropriate sampling of participants | Adequate sample size | Detailed description of subjects and the setting | Data analysis: sufficient coverage of the identified sample | Valid methods for identification of the condition | Standard and reliable measure of the condition for all participants | Appropriate statistical analysis | Adequate response rate or the appropriate management of low response rate | Total score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ahmad et al. 2020 [27] | N | N | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | 6 |
| Al Ibraheem et al. 2017 [28] | N | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 6 |
| Chung et al. 2018 [19] | N | N | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | 6 |
| Euteneuer et al. 2018 [29] | N | N | N | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | 5 |
| Georgiadou et al. 2018 [30] | Y | N | N | Y | N | N | Y | Y | N | 4 |
| Javanbakht et al. 2019 | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | 7 |
| Lies et al. 2020 | N | N | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | 6 |
| Javanbakht et al. 2019 [31] | N | N | N | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | N | 4 |
| Strømme et al. 2020 | N | N | N | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | 5 |
| Tinghög et al. 2017 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | 8 |
| Lies et al. 2020 [32] | N | N | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | 6 |
| Mean score | 5.72 | |||||||||