Fig. 1.

Frizzled3 is required for neural plate planar polarity. (A) Experimental scheme. One dorsal animal blastomere of a 16-cell Xenopus embryo was co-injected with Fz3 MO1 or control (Co) MO (5 ng each) and GFP RNA (200 pg). Stage 16 embryos were fixed and the neural plates were dissected and stained with anti-Vangl2 and anti-GFP antibodies. (B–C′) Representative en face images of neural plates from the injected embryos. Vangl2 (red) is enriched at the anterior cell edges (arrows). GFP is a lineage tracer (green). A-P, anterior-posterior axis. Scale bar: 30 µm. (B,B′) Co MO, (C,C′) Fz3 MO1. Many GFP-positive cells lack Vangl2 polarization (asterisk). (D) Quantification of the mean±s.d. frequencies for cells with anteriorly enriched Vangl2. Numbers of scored cells (n) are shown on top of each bar. Three embryos were scored for each group (20–30 cells per embryo). Data represent three different experiments. *P<0.05 (two-tailed unpaired Student's t-test).