Risk of (A) combined cardiovascular events and (B) sudden cardiac death as a function of continuous oxalate exposure in the 4D Study (restricted splines). Risk was assessed using restricted cubic spline modeling, and adjusted for age, sex, use of atorvastation, time on dialysis, use of diuretics, C-reactive protein, body mass index, hemoglobin, albumin, and previous coronary artery disease (n=1108). The black line represents the HR, the grey lines indicate the upper and lower 95% CIs. The pink dashed line marks an HR of 1.0.