PBMCs from patients with ccRCC upregulated secretion of pro-angiogenic factors in response to cabozantinib treatment. (A) The concentration of pro-angiogenic factors was quantified using a multiplex magnetic bead-based assay (R&D Systems). The heatmap was used to visualize the differential regulation of pro-angiogenic factors in response to cabozantinib treatment in the absence and presence of cancer cells and ccRCC PBMCs. (B) The concentration of pro-angiogenic cytokines and growth factors obtained from conditioned media from mono-culture, co-culture, and tri-culture conditions treated with cabozantinib. Bars represent average ± SD of n = 3 wells for EC + DMSO, EC + cabozantinib, EC + 786O + cabozantinib, and n = 9 wells (three wells per patient, three patients in total) (*P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.005, and #P ≤ 0.0001).