Table 2.

Bivariable and multivariable weighted^a logistic regression examining the relationship between functional pain interference and NMAU.

Variable	NMAU OR
	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted ORb (95% CI)
Functional pain interference
No pain	Reference	Reference
Pain prevents no activities	1.57 (1.19–2.05)	1.61 (1.22–2.12)
Pain prevents a few activities	2.06 (1.59–2.66)	1.94 (1.49–2.53)
Pain prevents some activities	3.18 (2.43–4.18)	2.91 (2.20–3.85)
Pain prevents most activities	3.54 (2.67–4.70)	2.98 (2.21–4.01)
Age
15–19 years	1.78 (1.17–2.70)	2.11 (1.38–3.24)
20–29 years	2.19 (1.51–3.17)	2.47 (1.67–3.66)
30–39 years	1.38 (0.96–1.97)	1.56 (1.06–2.28)
40–49 years	1.62 (1.11–2.37)	1.67 (1.13–2.47)
50–59 years	1.90 (1.27–2.84)	1.82 (1.20–2.74)
60–69 years	1.56 (1.05–2.34)	1.50 (0.99–2.27)
70–79 years	1.25 (0.84–1.85)	1.18 (0.79–1.77)
≥80 years	Reference	Reference
Sex
Male	1.20 (1.01–1.44)	1.32 (1.10–1.58)
Female	Reference	Reference
Highest education completed
<Secondary school graduation	1.09 (0.89–1.34)	1.03 (0.83–1.28)
≥Secondary school graduation	Reference	Reference
Culture/race
White	Reference	Reference
Non-white	0.79 (0.63–0.99)	0.83 (0.66–1.04)
Chronic mental illnessc
No	Reference	Reference
Yes	3.09 (2.57–3.72)	2.39 (1.98–2.87)

^aAll estimates are probability weighted using Statistics Canada sampling weights.

^bAdjusted for age, sex, highest education completed, culture/race, and chronic mental illness.

^cDefined as “yes” to any of chronic fatigue, mood disorder including depression, anxiety disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, or attention deficit disorder, versus “no” to all.

NMAU = nonmedical analgesic use; OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval.