Table 7.
Predictors of heavy health care use with the indicator of prerecruitment heavy/standard health care users: final multivariate regression model.
| Predictors | Odds ratio | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic predictors: | ||
| Sex | ||
| Male | — | — |
| Female | 1.23 | 0.55–2.77 |
| Clinical and psychosocial predictors: | ||
| Pain located in lower body (buttocks/legs) | ||
| No | — | — |
| Yes | 3.03 | 1.20–7.65 |
| Pain-related disability (Interference score on the BPI) (0–10) | 1.24 | 1.03–1.48 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index (0–10) | 1.17 | 0.97–1.42 |
| Depression score on the HADS (0–21) | 0.92 | 0.83–1.02 |
| Attitudes toward pain and its treatment | ||
| (scores on the SOPA subscales): medical pain cure (0–4) | 1.21 | 0.86–1.70 |
| Type of health care users prior to recruitment | ||
| Previous standard health care users | — | — |
| Previous heavy health care users | 17.67 | 7.90–39.48 |
CI = confidence interval; BPI = Brief Pain Inventory; HADS = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; SOPA = Survey of Pain Attitudes; — = reference category