(
A) Sirtuin proteins in
F. oxysporum with predicted subcellular localizations.
aAccession number of the full-length protein sequence available at Ensembl.
bLocalization of the
F. oxysporum Sir2 protein determined by WoLF PSORT. (
B) Phylogenetic tree relating FoSir5 to the orthologous human Sirtuin isoforms SIRT1 (
NP_036370), SIRT2 (
NP_085096), SIRT3 (
NP_001357239), SIRT4 (
NP_036372), SIRT5 (
NP_001363737), SIRT6 (
NP_057623), and SIRT7 (
NP_057622). The tree is based on neighbor-joining analysis using MEGA-X. (
C) Fluorescence microscopy analysis of FoSir5-GFP localization with MitoTracker Red (MT) and DAPI. Scale bars = 10 µm. (
D) Subcellular fractionation of FoSir5-GFP transformants in
F. oxysporum. Nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitochondrial proteins were separately extracted and FoSir5-GFP were detected with anti-GFP antibody (Materials and methods). The fractionation controls were ATP5A1 (mitochondria), tubulin (cytosol), and histone H3 (nucleus). C, cytosol; N, nucleus; Mito, mitochondria. (
E) In vitro Kcr assays with 50 µg of native calf thymus histone (CTH), 5 mM NAD
+, and 0.5 µg of FoSir5-His in the presence of 50, 100, or 200 µM crotonyl-CoA. Reaction materials were analyzed by Western blotting with anti-Kcr or anti-H3 antibody. Each scale bar represents the mean ± SD for triplicate experiments. * indicates a significant difference between different pairs of samples (p < 0.05). (
F) Expression profile of
FoSir5 in conidia, mycelium, and during the germination process. The expression levels were normalized to that of the
F. oxysporum elongation factor one alpha (EF-1α) gene. The presence of different letters above the mean values of three replicates indicates a significant difference between different samples (p < 0.05, ANOVA). (The red arrow indicates the original SDS–PAGE gels that were cropped for this panel.)