Fig. 3.

Cumulative epidemic curve by household income at the start of the COVID-19 epidemic in Toronto, Canada (January 21, 2020-May 13, 2020). Panel A depicts all cases (excluding cases in LTCH) and demonstrates a cross-over in epidemic trajectories by DA-level income (per-person equivalent, after-tax). Early in the epidemic, per-capita rates were highest in higher-income neighborhoods but this pattern quickly reversed by early April 2020. Panel B depicts the trajectory restricted to among travel-acquired cases which were concentrated in higher-income neighborhoods, as were the early cases before the cross-over among those not acquired through travel (Panel C). The time-periods are: (A) March 17, 2020, start of shutdown; and (B) May 14, 2020, start of stage 1 reopening.

Abbreviations: DA = dissemination area; LTCH = long-term care homes.