Table 1.
Gini coefficients of cumulative COVID-19 casesa, by area-level measures in Toronto, Canada from January 21, 2020 to November 21, 2020
| Cases (N=33,992)a | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| % of DAs not included because of missing information on the social determinant | Median (IQR) across all DAs | Gini coefficient | 95% CI | |
| Population size | N/A | 450 (446 - 768) | 0.41 | 0.36-0.47 |
| Socio-demographic | ||||
| Household income | 0 | 45749.5 (37815.8 - 56389.2) | 0.20 | 0.14-0.28 |
| % visible minority | 0.51 | 42.0 (22.8 – 69.0) | 0.21 | 0.16-0.28 |
| % recent immigration | 0.51 | 3.9 (1.9 - 7.7) | 0.12 | 0.09-0.16 |
| Dwelling-related | ||||
| % suitable housing | 0.51 | 92.6 (85.9 - 96.6) | 0.21 | 0.14-0.30 |
| % multi-generational households | 0.57 | 7.6 (3.4 - 12.8) | 0.19 | 0.15-0.23 |
| Occupation-related | ||||
| Essential servicesb | 0.51 | 43.8 (31.4 – 57.1) | 0.28 | 0.23-0.34 |
Abbreviations: CI: confidence interval; DA: dissemination area; IQR: interquartile range
a
Excluding cases among residents of long-term care homes
b
Essential services include: health; trades, transport, and equipment operation; sales and services; manufacturing and utilities; and resources, agriculture, and production.