Molecular challenges in current newborn screening efforts by FIA-MS/MS. Chemical structures are illustrated in correlation with the associated NBS condition below each structural constraint. Abbreviated disorders are: maple syrup urine disease, MSUD; short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, SCAD; multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, MADD; methylmalonic acidemia, MMA; and congenital adrenal hyperplasia, CAH.