Table 2.
Patient baseline characteristics, pre-ECMO parameters and outcomes in the Supine and Prone group
| Baseline characteristics | Supine group (n = 575) | Prone group (n = 314) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 52 (41–61) | 51 (39–61) | 0.506 |
| Sex, female | 191 (33.2) | 91 (29.0) | 0.195 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27 (23–32) | 29 (25–34) | 0.003 |
| Pre-existing conditions at baseline | |||
| Obesity (BMI ≥ 30) | 180 (35.7) | 113 (42.3) | 0.072 |
| Hypertension | 105 (32.1) | 58 (23.9) | 0.031 |
| Diabetes | 88 (15.7) | 53 (17.3) | 0.547 |
| Chronic respiratory disease | 94 (16.8) | 37 (12.1) | 0.064 |
| Malignancy | 68 (12.1) | 28 (9.1) | 0.178 |
| Vascular disease | 57 (10.2) | 27 (8.8) | 0.515 |
| Chronic heart failure | 54 (9.6) | 30 (9.8) | 0.944 |
| Chronic renal disease | 22 (3.9) | 17 (5.5) | 0.272 |
| Chronic liver disease | 34 (6.1) | 10 (3.2) | 0.072 |
| Immunodeficiency | 101 (18.0) | 36 (11.7) | 0.015 |
| ARDS etiology | < 0.001 | ||
| Pulmonary ARDS | 405 (70.4) | 234 (74.5) | |
| Extrapulmonary ARDS | 58 (10.1) | 52 (16.6) | |
| Other/unknown | 112 (19.5) | 28 (8.9) | |
| COVID-19 ARDS | 11 (1.9) | 14 (4.5) | 0.028 |
| Mobile ECMO transfer | 336 (59.5) | 215 (68.5) | 0.008 |
| Pre-ECMO variables | |||
| PaO2/FiO2, mmHg | 67 (56–80) | 66 (55–80) | 0.568 |
| SOFA score | 12 (9–16) | 10 (8–13) | < 0.001 |
| Use of nitric oxide | 189 (33.3) | 91 (29.0) | 0.184 |
| Use of prone positioning | 248 (45.1) | 180 (57.3) | 0.001 |
| Use of renal replacement therapy | 61 (13.7) | 31 (11.3) | 0.362 |
| Days of mechanical ventilation before ECMO | 3 (1–8) | 3 (1–7) | 0.632 |
| Outcomes | |||
| ECMO duration, days | 8 (4–17) | 15 (10–26) | < 0.001 |
| ECMO successful weaning | 326 (57.0) | 211 (67.2) | 0.003 |
| ICU LOS, days | 20 (10–36) | 31 (19–48) | < 0.001 |
| Survivors, n = 449 | 27 (15–45) | 34 (23–49) | < 0.001 |
| Non-survivors, n = 397 | 13 (4–26) | 23 (16–41) | < 0.001 |
| Time to successful ECMO weaning within 60 days from ECMO start, days | 60 (8–60) | 28 (12–60) | 0.906 |
| ICU mortality, n (%) | 298 (52.8) | 128 (40.8) | 0.001 |
| Hospital mortality, n (%) | 306 (54.4) | 136 (43.5) | 0.002 |
Data are presented as count (percentage) or median (25th-75th percentile). BMI, body mass index; LOS, length of stay