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. 2022 Jan 6:1–28. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s10479-021-04452-y

Table 3.

Results of BDS test on time series

m–Dimensional Space
2 3 4 5 6 Linearity
Stat Prob Stat Prob Stat Prob Stat Prob Stat Prob
SPGB/SPCE 0.1883 0.000 0.3189 0.000 0.4085 0.000 0.4697 0.000 0.5111 0.000 NO
SPGB/MSCI 0.1903 0.000 0.3228 0.000 0.4141 0.000 0.4766 0.000 0.5199 0.000 NO
SPCE/MSCI 0.1919 0.000 0.3249 0.000 0.4168 0.000 0.4798 0.000 0.5229 0.000 NO

NO means the relationship between variables is nonlinear