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. 2021 Sep 1;15(1):27–39. doi: 10.1038/s41385-021-00443-1

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© The Author(s) 2021, corrected publication 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Invasion of salmonella causes the death of enteric neurons. However, catecholamines produced by extrinsic nerves induce MM to secrete neuronal protective polyamines, which promotes the survival of enteric neurons. Enteric neurons also release IL-18 which stimulates the production of antimicrobial proteins (AMPs) by goblet cells and reduces invasion of salmonella across the epithelial barrier. Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0).