Table 1.

Water consumption and wastewater generation volumes during each production stage in an artisanal tannery.

Process	Water Consumption		Wastewater generation
	L/kg raw skin	×102 L/day	L/kg raw skin	×102 L/day
Pre-tanning
Liming	1–4	1.17–4.69	0	0
Deliming/Bating	0.5–1.4	0.59–1.64	0	0
Tanning
Vegetable tanning	1.2–1.6	1.41–1.87	0.7–1.3	0.82–1.52
Alum tawing	4–6	4.69–7.03	3.5–6	4.10–7.03
Post-tanning
Black dyeing	0.5–0.7	0.59–0.82	0	0
Red dyeing	0.5–1.0	0.59–1.17	0.5–0.7	0.59–0.82
Composite washing	2.3–3.4	2.69–3.98	2.3–3.3	2.69–3.87
Total	10.0–18.1	11.71–21.20	7.0–11.3	8.20–13.24