Table 2.
Distribution of microorganisms at the time of the first sampling in the groups exposed and unexposed to antibiotics
| Unexposed group | Exposed group | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aerobes, n (%) | 111 (86) | 31 (76) | 0.326 |
| Gram-positive bacteria, n (%) | 71 (55) | 16 (39) | 0.207 |
| Enterococci, n (%) | 12 (9) | 4 (10) | 1 |
| Streptococci, n (%) | 37 (29) | 8 (20) | 0.341 |
| GAS, n (%) | 10 (8) | 2 (5) | 0.728 |
| Staphylococci, n (%) | 24 (19) | 4 (10) | 0.419 |
| Staphylococcus aureus, n (%) | 12 (9) | 3 (7) | 1 |
| Coagulase-negative staphylococci, n (%) | 10 (8) | 1 (2) | 0.449 |
| Gram-negative bacteria, n (%) | 40 (31) | 15 (37) | 0.476 |
| Enterobacterales, n (%) | 34 (26) | 12 (29) | 0.634 |
| Escherichia coli, n (%) | 15 (12) | 6 (15) | 0.562 |
| Nonfermenting Gram-negative bacilli, n (%) | 6 (5) | 3 (7) | 0.426 |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa, n (%) | 6 (5) | 3 (7) | 0.426 |
| Anaerobes, n (%) | 15 (12) | 7 (23) | 0.267 |
| Fungi, n (%) | 3 (2) | 3 (7) | 0.133 |
| Total number of strains, n (%) | 129 | 41 | |
| Total number of MDR bacteria, n (%) | 7 (5) | 1 (2) | 1 |
| MRSA, n (%) | 2 (3) | 0 (0) | 1 |
| Overproduction of intrinsic or plasmid-encoded AmpC, n (%) | 2 (3) | 0 (0) | 1 |
| ESBL producing Enterobacterales, n (%) | 2 (3) | 1 (2) | 0.548 |
| Carbapenemase producing Enterobacterales, n (%) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 1 |
ESBL extended spectrum beta-lactamase, MDR multidrug resistance, MRSA methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus