Table 5.

Dimentions and levels of digital transformation of universities

Missions	Methodologies and digital tools	Outcomes	Impact (internal and external)	Relations to Q2HM
Teaching	DSI pedagogy, Digital literacy Educating about SI and SDGs New education tools: 3D platforms, virtual simulators Open educational resources like MOOC	New curricula on digital/green challenges DSI integrated in curricula, New digital tools implemented to education New digital and green start-ups and spin offs Open educational repositories New micro and targeted educational programmes	Accommodating different educational needs & integrating vulnerable groups or with diverse backgrounds into university education, Students as “change agents,” good citizens, advocating for human-centric innovation, Equipping society with knowledge relevant to deal with wicked problems Raising “green” awareness and digital literacy	Delivering knowledge and skills related to sustainable priorities and digital challenges and creating power capital
Research	Research on DSI Research creating new SI Research using AI tools	New theories and methodologies in DSI Novel DSI New digital and green start-ups and spin offs Open research repositories	New research networks and research partnerships Growing recognition of solution-oriented research Social impact of research included into the evaluation policy Gap to be addressed due to lack of indicators for measuring impact of DSI and AI research	Establishing new channels for transdisciplinary research on DSI DSI included into regional strategies More inclusive and sustainable innovation ecosystem
Third mission	Public/community/stakeholder engagement in green and digital activities through citizen science Community service Service learning Community-based participatory research (CBPR) Action-research, citizen science, science shops (as methodology) Living labs (as methodology) Promoting DSI through outreach & science communication Social entrepreneurship programmes	Novel DSI New digital and green Community/stakeholder engagement programmes and agendas Novel interactive educational or research platforms open to society	New public–private partnerships for DSI and green deal implementation, New research networks Knowledge democratisation Creating community of practice in DSI Social impact of science included into the evaluation policy	Mutual learning and the new channels of knowledge flow to and from the university allowing for new DSI DSI as part of regional innovation system, New investments in physical, digital, green regional infrastructures on DSI, Regional leadership in DSI
Fourth mission	Universities as open systems in relation to their environment and thus delivering (digital) social innovation, Co-design, Co-creation and Co-delivery for sustainability, DSI as tool for implementing SDGs	Green and digital research and education programmes and curricula focused on sustainable priorities	All missions equally important and mutually enhancing, Green and digital challenges integrated within university strategy and all missions Accountability of universities ensured through appropriate governance and continuous exchange with policy makers, civil society, citizens, business	Opens system of education, research and innovation focused on the environment and sustainability with the use of new digital tools, Continues exchange between university and stakeholders Building regional capacity and resilience though DSI

^*Only novel approaches or new emphasis in comparison to third mission

Source: Authors