Fig. 4.

The treatment of CARV modulated the increase of cCa²⁺ concentration via inhibition of TRPM2 and TRPV4 in the HEK293^M2 and HEK293^V4 cells. (Mean ± STD). The HEK293^M2 and HEK293^V4 cells in the in the control (Cntr), H₂O₂, GSK, H₂O₂+CARV, and GSK+CARV groups were stained with Fluo 3-AM (1 µM for 60 min). After washing the cells, the stained cells were stimulated by by H₂O₂ (1 mM) or GSK (100 nM), although they were inhibited by CARV (100 µM). Representative confocal microscope (objective: 40x oil) images, mean colon and line values of Cntr, H₂O₂, and H₂O₂+CARV groups on the cCa²⁺ concentration through TRPM2 in the HEK293^M2 were shown a, b, and c, respectively. Effects of CARV treatments on the GSK-induced changes of cCa²⁺ intensity in the HEK293^V4 were also shown by images (d), lines (e), and columns (f). The scale bar: 10 μm. One example image of each figure was selected from 20-25 HEK293 of 6 independent experiments for each condition