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. 2022 Jan 5;13:3. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-27738-y

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a Heatmap analysis of lipid metabolism genes in Ppara^+/+ and Ppara^−/− iMACs in the presence of IL-1β. Heatmap analysis was performed using a PermutMatrix-1.9.3. b Expression level of Acot12 in iMACs introduce siRNA specific to Ppara (siPpara). Knockdown efficiency of siPpara was confirmed by qRT-PCR (n = 3), P = 0.0056 for Ppara, P = 0.0050 for Acot12. c Expression level of Acot12 in Ppara^+/+ and Ppara^−/− iMACs (n = 3), P = 0.0077). d Expression level of ACOT12 in non-OA (n = 18) and OA (n = 18) chondrocytes (P < 0.0001). e Immunohistochemistry of ACOT12 in non-OA and OA cartilage (P < 0.0001). Scale bars, 50 μm. f Expression of Acot12 in GSE8077 of rat OA articular chondrocytes (n = 5), P = 0.0041. g Expression level of ACOT12 in HN-AC (n = 3) and WT iMACs (n = 3), P = 0.0170 for HN-AC, P = 0.0017 for WT iMACs. h Immunohistochemistry of ACOT12 in OA-induced mouse cartilage (n = 4), P < 0.0001. Scale bars, 100 μm. i shACOT12 was introduced into HN-AC (n = 3). Knockdown efficiency of shAOCT12 was confirmed by qRT-PCR (n = 3), P = 0.0004. j Expression of Mmp13, Adamts4 and −5 in shACOT12-introduced HN-AC (n = 3), P = 0.0002 for Mmp13, P = 0.0018 for Adamts4; P = 0.0004 for Adamts5. k Cellular level of FFA in shACOT12-introduced HN-AC (n = 3), P < 0.0001. l BODIPY staining in shACOT12-introduced HN-AC cells. Scale bars, 20 μm. Values are means ± SD. Unpaired Student’s t test (b–i, k) or multiple t test followed by Holm–Sidak method (j) were used for statistical analysis. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001.