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. 2022 Jan 5;13:3. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-27738-y

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 7 — a Alcian blue (n = 3) and BODIPY (n = 8) staining of Ppara^−/− iMACs introduced by PPARα or ACOT12 expression vector in the absence or presence of IL-1β, P < 0.0001 for Alcian blue, P < 0.0001 for BODIPY. Scale bars, 100 μm. b Cellular level of FFA (P < 0.0001) and acetyl-CoA (P < 0.0001) in Ppara^−/− iMACs introduced by PPARα or ACOT12 expression vector in the absence or presence of IL-1β. c Safranin O staining and ACOT12 staining in the cartilage of Ppara^−/− mice transfected with lentivirus containing HA-tagged Acot12 (HA-Acot12). Scale bars, 100 μm. OARSI grade (P = 0.0054) and ACOT12-positive cells (P < 0.0001) indicated by bar–dot plot (n = 4). d BODIPY^483/503 staining of in cartilage of Ppara^−/− mice transfected with HA-ACOT12 (n = 4), P < 0.0001. Subchondral bone indicated with white line. Scale bars, 100 μm. e TUNEL (P < 0.0001)-, MMP13 (P = 0.0004)-, ADAMTS4 (P = 0.0003) staining in cartilage of Ppara^−/− mice transfected with HA-ACOT12 (n = 4). Subchondral bone indicated with white line in TUNEL staining. Scale bars, 100 μm. Values are means ± SD. Unpaired Student’s t test or one-way ANOVA (c–e) followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (a, b) were used for statistical analysis. **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001.