Table 1.
Demographics and baseline characteristics for FAS
| Variable | Supervised exercise (N = 110) | Standard therapy (N = 114) |
|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) | 54.6 (9.2) | 55.7 (10.2) |
| Female, n (%) | 42 (38.2) | 45 (39.5) |
| Anthropometrics, mean (SD) | ||
| Weight, kg | 73.15 (12.64) | 71.88 (12.37) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.66 (3.77) | 26.25 (3.59) |
| Waist circumference, cm | 92.25 (9.47) | 92.35 (9.70) |
| Diabetes factors, mean (SD) | ||
| HbA1c, % | 7.68 (0.60) | 7.71 (0.60) |
| FBG, mg/dL | 147.5 (27.8) | 151.4 (30.5) |
| Glycoalbumin, % | 19.32 (2.94) | 19.75 (2.99) |
| Fasting insulin, µIU/mL | 9.22 (5.84) | 7.36 (4.55) |
| Urinary ketone bodiesa, n (%) | ||
| Negative ( − ) | 97 (88.2) | 106 (93.0) |
| Trace (±) | 1 (0.9) | 2 (1.8) |
| 1 + | 10 (9.1) | 4 (3.5) |
| 2 + | 2 (1.8) | 2 (1.8) |
| Diabetes durationb, months | 89.7 (69.5)c | 87.9 (72.7) |
| Antidiabetic drug therapyd, n (%) | 85 (77.3) | 87 (76.3) |
| Medical diet therapy, n (%) | 50 (45.5) | 51 (44.7) |
| Exercise instruction, n (%) | 22 (20.0) | 24 (21.1) |
| Cardiovascular factors, mean (SD) | ||
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 126.2 (11.8) | 126.0 (14.2) |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 78.1 (10.5) | 78.1 (10.4) |
| Pulse rate, beats/min | 79.1 (10.5) | 76.8 (11.7) |
| LDL-cholesterol, mg/dL | 124.9 (31.1) | 128.1 (34.8) |
| HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL | 55.6 (16.0) | 58.5 (13.8) |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 165.8 (134.9) | 154.6 (118.5) |
| BNPa, pg/mL | 8.70 (7.04) | 10.43 (7.72) |
BMI body mass index, BNP brain natriuretic peptide, BP blood pressure, FAS full analysis set, FBG fasting blood glucose, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, SD standard deviation
aAt screening
bAt consent
cN = 109
dSee Supplementary Table S2 for antidiabetic drug classes