Table 1.
Table showing the regulatory mechanisms controlling IL-1 family mediated signalling.
| IL-1 family member | Antagonist | Other inflammation limiting mechanisms |
|---|---|---|
| IL-1α (signal transduction by receptor complex IL-1R1+IL-1R3) | IL-1Ra, IL-1R2, soluble receptors (sIL-1R1 & sIL-1R2), IL-37/SIGIRR | RNA stability, protein secretion, sheddase activity; miRNA (94) |
| IL-1β | IL-1Ra, IL-1R2, soluble receptors, IL-37/SIGIRR | RNA stability, caspase activation, protein secretion, sheddase activity; reduced inflammasome activity/caspase 1 |
| Note: the affinity of sIL-1R2 for IL-1β is increased by the formation of trimeric soluble complexes with sIL-1R3 ( 95) | ||
| IL-36 agonists | IL-36Ra | Protease availability; activation of IL-36Ra by elastase |
| IL-37 | ||
| IL-38 | ||
| IL-18 | IL-18BP, IL-37 | |
| IL-33 | sST2 | Caspase-3/-7 mediated inactivation, oxidation, nuclear sequestration |
| IL-37 | Enhanced IL-18BP activity | |
| Binds to IL-18R1 and SIGIRR | ||
| IL-38 | Uncharacterised mechanism |
IL-1Ra, IL-1 receptor antagonist; BP, binding protein.