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. 2021 Dec 23;12:791099. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.791099

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Copyright © 2021 Bolha, Hočevar, Suljič and Jurčić

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Selected representative images of TAB-positive GCA arteries (A–F), TAB-negative GCA arteries (G, H) and non-GCA temporal arteries (I). Prominent arterial wall infiltration with CD3⁺ (A), CD4⁺ (B) and NFATC⁺ (C) cells. In addition to strong staining of lymphocytes, there was also a faint CD4 positivity of macrophages and multinucleated giant cells (arrows) (B). In a majority of biopsies, a significant number of CD8⁺ lymphocytes (D), relatively small number of CD20⁺ lymphocytes (E), and a variable number of eosinophil granulocytes (arrows) (F) were found. Although not apparently present in hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stain (G), some CD3⁺ lymphocytes could be found focally segmentally in the adventitia of TAB-negative GCA arteries (H), and a very few in non-GCA temporal arteries of the control group (arrows) (I).