Table 5.
Variables associated with serological results
| Variable | EIA IgM | P value | EIA IgG | P value | IHA | P value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive | Negative | Positive | Negative | Positive | Negative | |||||
| Risk factor | ||||||||||
| Diabetes | Yes | 12/37 (32) | 25/37 (68) | 0.78 | 37/52 (71) | 15/52 (29) | 0.02 | 26/48 (54) | 22/48 (46) | 0.4 |
| No | 10/34 (29) | 24/34 (71) | 28/57 (49) | 29/57 (51) | 25/53 (47) | 28/53 (53) | ||||
| Lung diseases | Yes | 2/23 (9) | 21/23 (91) | 0.006 | 15/33 (45) | 18/33 (55) | 0.05 | 9/29 (31) | 20/29 (69) | 0.02 |
| No | 20/48 (42) | 28/48 (58) | 49/75 (65) | 26/75 (35) | 41/70 (59) | 29/70 (41) | ||||
| Disease focus | ||||||||||
| Bacteremia | Yes | 13/50 (26) | 37/50 (74) | 0.07 | 41/75 (55) | 34/75 (45) | 0.07 | 28/71 (39) | 43/71 (61) | 0.001 |
| No | 10/21 (48) | 11/21 (52) | 24/33 (73) | 9/33 (27) | 23/29 (79) | 6/29 (21) | ||||
| Pneumonia | Yes | 9/51 (18) | 42/51 (82) | < 0.001 | 40/76 (53) | 36/76 (47) | 0.02 | 29/67 (43) | 38/67 (57) | 0.04 |
| No | 13/19 (68) | 6/19 (32) | 24/31 (77) | 7/31 (23) | 21/31 (68) | 10/31 (32) | ||||
| Skin and soft tissue | Yes | 7/12 (58) | 5/12 (42) | 0.04 | 12/15(80) | 3/15 (20) | 0.09 | 10/14 (71) | 4/10 (29) | 0.09 |
| No | 15/57 (26) | 42/57 (74) | – | 51/91 (56) | 40/91 (44) | – | 40/84 (48) | 44/84 (52) | – | |
| Septic arthritis | Yes | 3/4 (75) | 1/4 (25) | 0.09 | 8/8 (100) | 0 | 0.02 | 8/8 (100) | 0 | 0.001 |
| No | 19/65 (29) | 46/65 (71) | 54/97 (56) | 43/97 (44) | 41/89 (46) | 47/89 (54) | ||||
| Severity | ||||||||||
| ICU admission | Yes | 2/20 (10) | 18/20 (90) | 0.01 | 10/27 (37) | 17/27 (63) | 0.005 | 8/26 (31) | 18/26 (69) | 0.06 |
| No | 20/45 (44) | 25/45 (56) | 51/75 (68) | 24/75 (32) | 42/71 (59) | 29/71 (41) | ||||
| Septic shock | Yes | 2/16 (12) | 14/16 (88) | 0.02 | 9/23 (39) | 14/23 (61) | 0.02 | 7/22 (32) | 15/22 (68) | 0.09 |
| No | 20/48 (42) | 28/48 (58) | 51/77 (66) | 26/77 (34) | 43/74 (58) | 31/74 (42) | ||||
| Ventilator | Yes | 2/17 (12) | 15/17 (88) | 0.03 | 8/23 (35) | 15/23 (65) | 0.005 | 7/22 (32) | 15/22 (68) | 0.09 |
| No | 20/47 (43) | 27/477 (57) | 52/77 (68) | 25/77 (32) | 43/74 (58) | 31/74 (42) | ||||
| Biochemistry | ||||||||||
| Lymphopenia | Yes | 15/54 (28) | 39/54 (72) | 0.29 | 47/85 (55) | 38/85 (45) | 0.11 | 33/75 (44) | 42/75 (56) | 0.02 |
| No | 7/12 (41) | 10/17 (59) | 17/23 (74) | 6/23 (26) | 17/24 (71) | 7/24 (29) | ||||
| Neutrophilia | Yes | 11/49 (22) | 38/49 (78) | 0.02 | 40/72 (56) | 32/72 (44) | 0.27 | 28/65 (43) | 37/65 (57) | 0.05 |
| No | 11/22 (50 | 11/22 (50) | 24/36 (67) | 12/36 (33) | 22/34 (65) | 12/34 (35) | ||||
| Low bicarbonate | Yes | 4/35 (11) | 31/35 (89) | 0.01 | 17/45 (38) | 28/45 (62) | 0.002 | 10/46 (22) | 36/46 (78) | < 0.001 |
| No | 19/54 (35) | 35/54 (65) | 50/75 (67) | 25/75 (33) | 43/75 (57) | 32/75 (43) | ||||
EIA = enzyme immunoassay; ICU = intensive care unit; IHA = indirect hemagglutination assay.