Table 3.

The effect of exercise on DDQ.

Dimension	Group	Pre-exercise	Post-exercise	P (intergroup)	P (time)	P (interaction)
Desire and intention	NCC group	1.69 ± 0.98	1.80 ± 1.81	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
	CC group	4.67 ± 0.93ΔΔ	2.49 ± 1.30ΔΔ
	CE group	4.47 ± 0.92ΔΔ	1.84 ± 0.95ΔΔ ▴▴**
Negative reinforcement	NCC group	1.69 ± 0.82	1.54 ± 0.88	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
	CC group	4.33 ± 0.90ΔΔ	2.87 ± 1.67ΔΔ **
	CE group	4.47 ± 1.12ΔΔ	2.07 ± 1.10ΔΔ ▴▴**
Control	NCC group	5.00 ± 1.24	5.03 ± 0.77	<0.001	<0.01	<0.01
	CC group	3.09 ± 13.4ΔΔ	3.28 ± 0.89ΔΔ
	CE group	2.74 ± 0.25ΔΔ	4.32 ± 0.17ΔΔ ▴▴**

ΔΔp < 0.01 compared with NCC group; ▴▴p < 0.01 compared with CC group; and

^**p < 0.01 compared with pre-exercise.