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. 2021 Dec 23;9:740827. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.740827

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Copyright © 2021 Cheng, Yuan, Zhu and Jia.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Development of MDSCs. MDSCs are derived from hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in bone marrow, and differentiate into myeloid cells step by step. In the pathological conditions, a series of cytokines (GM-CSF, VEGF, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10) promote MDSC generation. Then suppressive MDSCs are recruited into TME by tumor-derived chemokines, such as CXCL5, CXCL8, CXCL12, CCL2, and CCL5. Further, the favorable TME accelerates the activation, survival and expansion of MDSCs. CMP, common myeloid progenitor; GMP, granulocyte and macrophage progenitor.